Any dispute over the propriety of exorcism is particularly sensitive in the British context, because it recalls a dreadful religious and racial confrontation at the start of this century. In 2001, a sensational child murder case indicated the practice of witchcraft on British soil involving ritualistic killing and a trade in human body parts.<\/p>\n
Obviously, such extreme criminal behavior demanded a strong and effective official response. But the media soon attributed such horrors to Pentecostal and charismatic churches themselves. In the sensational coverage that followed, the press launched shrieking expos\u00e9s of immigrant churches that believed in spiritual warfare or practiced exorcisms. These came to be known as Witch Churches.<\/p>\n
A potent racial theme pervaded this coverage, with a classic Heart of Dark\u00adness scenario portraying African primitivism and violence. Media ac\u00adcounts segued from reporting on exorcisms undertaken to fight diabolic forces to depicting the rituals themselves as a form of primitive jungle savagery dressed in Christian guise. Rituals designed to combat witchcraft were presented as a singularly dangerous manifestation of witchcraft and ritualistic child abuse. The regular conduct of immigrant churches involving exorcism and healing\u2014without any abusive or violent element\u2014was seen as deeply problematic and demanding police intervention.<\/p>\n
The government responded by en\u00adforcing far stricter rules for African clergy and ministers seeking to enter the United Kingdom, a draconian sanction introduced well before any like restrictions were imposed on extremist Muslims who flagrantly preached hatred and violence. In retrospect, the Witch Church affair was a grim example of religious intolerance\u2014 and in this instance, one directed against Christians.<\/p>\n